A 2010 guide warned mutual fund costs add up: 1%–3% subscription fees, equity fund management fees of 0.5%–2% (highest among types), 0.2% yearly bank trustee fees, plus switching fees. Management fees are skimmed daily from NAV — invisible day to day, but they erode returns over time.
Shop banks for fee discounts; switching within one fund house cuts costs; watch minimum-fee floors — short holding periods don’t always save.
MPF expense ratios are generally lower than retail funds; compare at MPF fund comparison.

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